SARARO, Iraq, Jan 31 (Reuters) – Looming over the abandoned village of Sararo in northern Iraq, three Turkish navy outposts break the skyline, a part of an incursion that compelled the residents to flee final yr after days of shelling.

The outposts are simply a number of the dozens of recent navy bases Turkey has established on Iraqi soil up to now two years because it steps up its decades-long offensive in opposition to Kurdish militants sheltered within the distant and rugged area.

“When Turkey first came to the area, they set up small portable tents, but in the spring, they set up outposts with bricks and cement,” Sararo’s mayor Abdulrahman Hussein Rashid stated in December throughout a go to to the village, the place shell casings and shrapnel nonetheless litter the bottom.

“They have drones and cameras operating 24/7. They know everything that’s going on,” he instructed Reuters, as drones buzzed overhead within the mountainous terrain 5 km from the frontier.

Turkey’s advances throughout the more and more depopulated border of Iraqi Kurdistan entice little world consideration in comparison with its incursions into Syria or the battle in opposition to Islamic State, however the escalation risks additional destabilising a area the place international powers have intervened with impunity, analysts say.

Turkey may develop into additional embroiled if its new Iraqi bases come beneath sustained assault, whereas its rising presence might also embolden Iran to broaden navy motion in Iraq in opposition to teams it accuses of fomenting unrest at residence, Kurdish officers say.

Former secretary normal for Kurdistan’s Peshmerga forces, Jabar Manda, stated Turkey had 29 outposts in Iraq till 2019 however the quantity has mushroomed as Ankara tries to cease the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) launching assaults by itself territory.

“Year after year the outposts have been increasing after the escalation of battles between Turkish forces and the PKK,” he stated, estimating the present quantity at 87, principally in a strip of border territory about 150 km lengthy (95 miles) and 30 km deep.

“In those outposts there are tanks and armoured vehicles,” stated Manda, who’s now a safety analyst in Sulaimaniya. “Helicopters supply the outposts daily.”

EMPTY VILLAGES

A Kurdish official, who declined to be named, additionally stated Turkey now had about 80 outposts in Iraq. Another Kurdish official stated at the least 50 had been constructed within the final two years and that Turkey’s presence was turning into extra everlasting.

Asked to touch upon its bases in Iraq, Turkey’s defence ministry stated its operations there have been in step with article 51 of the U.N. Charter, which supplies member states the best to self defence within the occasion of assaults.

“Our fight against terrorism in northern Iraq is carried out in coordination and close cooperation with the Iraqi authorities,” the ministry stated in an announcement, which didn’t handle questions concerning the figures cited by Kurdish officers.

Turkey’s presence in northern Iraq, which has lengthy been outdoors the direct management of the Baghdad authorities, dates again to the Nineties when former Iraqi chief Saddam Hussein let Turkish forces advance 5 km into the nation to combat the PKK.

Since then, Turkey has constructed a major presence, together with one base at Bashiqa 80 km inside Iraq, the place it says Turkish troops had been a part of a global mission to coach and equip Iraqi forces to combat Islamic State.

Turkey stated it labored to keep away from civilian casualties by way of its coordination with Iraqi authorities.

A report printed in August by a coalition of NGOs, End Cross-Border Bombing, stated at the least 98 civilians had been killed between 2015 and 2021. The International Crisis Group, which gave an analogous civilian demise toll, stated 1,180 PKK militants had been killed between 2015 and 2023.

According to an official with Iraq’s Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), the conflict has additionally emptied at the least 800 villages since 2015, when a ceasefire between Turkey and the PKK broke down, driving 1000’s of individuals from their properties.

NEW TARGETS

Beyond the humanitarian influence, Turkey’s incursion risks widening the conflict by giving carte blanche to regional rival Iran to step up intelligence operations inside Iraq and take its personal navy motion, Kurdish officers say.

Tehran has already fired missiles at bases of Kurdish teams it accuses of involvement in protests in opposition to its restrictions on girls, displacing a whole bunch of Iranian Kurds and killing some.

Iran didn’t reply to requests for remark.

Pro-Iranian militias in Iraq even have a pretext to reply to Turkey’s presence, analysts say, elevating the prospect of escalation between Turkish troops and teams moreover the PKK.

Hamdi Malik, a specialist on Iraqi Shi’ite militias on the Washington Institute, stated pro-Iranian teams comparable to Liwa Ahrar al-Iraq (Free People of Iraq Brigade) and Ahrar Sinjar (Free People of Sinjar) rebranded themselves final yr because the resistance in opposition to the Turkish presence.

According to a Washington Institute report, assaults on Turkish navy services in Iraq elevated from a mean of 1.5 strikes per 30 days in the beginning of 2022 to seven in April.

If the teams, that are deeply hostile to Washington, step up operations that may additionally undermine the affect of the United States and its 2,000 troops in Iraq, stated Mustafa Gurbuz, a non-resident fellow on the Arab Center Washington.

“Turkey is underestimating the strength of opposition and the fact that these facilities will become targets in the future and more so as hostilities increase,” stated Sajad Jiyad, Baghdad-based analyst for The Century Foundation, a U.S. think-tank.

‘THEY HAVE BOTH WRONGED US’

Northern Iraq’s fragmented politics imply that neither the federal authorities in Baghdad nor the KRG regional authority are robust sufficient to problem Turkey’s presence – or to fulfill Ankara’s purpose of containing the PKK themselves.

The Baghdad authorities has complained about Ankara’s incursions however has little authority within the primarily Kurdish north, whereas the area’s ruling Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) doesn’t have the firepower to problem the PKK, regardless of seeing it as a potent and populist rival.

The KDP has traditionally cooperated with Turkey however has restricted affect over a neighbour which wields far higher navy and financial clout.

“We ask all foreign military groups – including the PKK – to not drag the Kurdistan Region into any kind of conflicts or tensions,” KRG spokesman Jotiar Adil stated.

“The PKK are the main reason that pushed Turkey to enter our territories in the Kurdistan Region. Therefore, we think the PKK should leave,” he stated. “We are not a side in this long-standing conflict and we have no plans to be on any side.”

Iraqi Kurdish Prime Minister Masrour Barzani instructed Reuters the conflict between Turkey and the PKK was a matter of concern, however much less urgent than the risk from Islamic State.

Hariam Mahmoud, a number one determine within the Kurdistan Liberation Movement, a civilian opposition group in Iraq influenced by the concepts of jailed PKK chief Abdullah Ocalan, stated regardless of how a lot Turkey squeezes them they’ll proceed to withstand.

“In our opinion, this is an occupation and fighting resistance is a legitimate right,” stated Mahmoud, who lives in Garmiyan district south of Sulaimaniya.

Civilians, in the meantime, proceed to pay the value.

Ramzan Ali, 72, was irrigating his area in Hirure a couple of km from Sararo in 2021, when he heard an enormous blast. The subsequent factor he remembers is being on the bottom coated in blood.

He stated a Turkish shell had crashed into his property – a daily prevalence when Turkish troops reply to PKK assaults with artillery.

“I watched my life flash before my eyes,” Ali stated within the city of Zakho, the place he’s nonetheless affected by shrapnel wounds. “I am mad at both the PKK and Turkey. They have both wronged us.”

Reporting by Amina Ismail in Sararo, Ahmed Rasheed in Baghdad and Kawa Omar in Dohuk; Editing by Dominic Evans and David Clarke

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

KYIV, Ukraine/WASHINGTON Jan 30 (Reuters) – The United States is not going to present the F-16 fighter jets that Ukraine has sought in its combat towards Russia, President Joe Biden stated on Monday, as Russian forces claimed a sequence of incremental gains within the nation’s east.

Ukraine deliberate to push for Western fourth-generation fighter jets such as the F-16 after securing provides of principal battle tanks final week, an adviser to Ukraine’s defence minister stated on Friday. A Ukrainian air power spokesman stated it will take its pilots about half a yr to coach on such fighter jets.

Asked if the United States would offer the jets, Biden instructed reporters on the White House, “No.”

The transient trade got here shortly after Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy stated that Russia had begun exacting its revenge for Ukraine’s resistance to its invasion with relentless assaults within the east.

Zelenskiy has warned for weeks that Moscow goals to step up its assault on Ukraine after about two months of digital stalemate alongside the entrance line that stretches throughout the south and east.

Ukraine received an enormous enhance final week when Germany and the United States introduced plans to supply heavy tanks, ending weeks of diplomatic impasse on the problem.

“The next big hurdle will now be the fighter jets,” Yuriy Sak, who advises Defence Minister Oleksiy Reznikov, instructed Reuters on Friday.

While there was no signal of a broader new Russian offensive, the administrator of Russian-controlled elements of Ukraine’s japanese Donetsk province, Denis Pushilin, stated Russian troops had secured a foothold in Vuhledar, a coal-mining city whose ruins have been a Ukrainian bastion for the reason that outset of the warfare.

Pushilin stated Ukrainian forces had been persevering with to throw reinforcements at Bakhmut, Maryinka and Vuhledar, three cities operating from north to south simply west of Donetsk metropolis. The Russian state information company TASS quoted him as saying Russian forces had been making advances there, however “not clear-cut, that is, here there is a battle for literally every meter.”

Pushilin’s adviser, Yan Gagin, stated fighters from Russian mercenary power Wagner had taken partial management of a provide highway resulting in Bakhmut, a metropolis that has been Moscow’s principal focus for months.

A day earlier, the top of Wagner stated his fighters had secured Blahodatne, a village simply north of Bakhmut.

Kyiv stated it had repelled assaults on Blahodatne and Vuhledar, and Reuters couldn’t independently confirm the conditions there. But the places of the reported combating indicated clear, although gradual, Russian gains.

Zelenskiy stated Russian assaults within the east had been relentless regardless of heavy casualties on the Russian aspect, casting the assaults as payback for Ukraine’s success in pushing Russian forces again from the capital, northeast and south earlier within the battle.

“I think that Russia really wants its big revenge. I think they have (already) started it,” Zelenskiy instructed reporters within the southern port metropolis of Odesa.

Mykola Salamakha, a Ukrainian colonel and navy analyst, instructed Ukrainian Radio NV that Moscow’s assault in Vuhledar was coming at enormous value.

“The town is on an upland and an extremely strong defensive hub has been created there,” he stated. “This is a repetition of the situation in Bakhmut – one wave of Russian troops after another crushed by the Ukrainian armed forces.”

WESTERN DELAYS

The a whole lot of contemporary tanks and armoured automobiles pledged to Ukraine by Western international locations in current weeks for a counteroffensive to recapture territory are months away from supply.

This leaves Kyiv to combat by way of the winter in what either side have described as a meat grinder of relentless attritional warfare.

Moscow’s Wagner mercenary power has despatched hundreds of convicts recruited from Russian prisons into battle round Bakhmut, shopping for time for Russia’s common navy to reconstitute models with a whole lot of hundreds of reservists.

Zelenskiy is urging the West to hasten supply of its promised weapons so Ukraine can go on the offensive.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov stated Western international locations supplying arms leads “to NATO countries more and more becoming directly involved in the conflict – but it doesn’t have the potential to change the course of events and will not do so.”

The U.S.-based Institute for the Study of War think-tank stated “the West’s failure to provide the necessary materiel” final yr was the primary motive Kyiv’s advances had halted since November.

That allowed Russia to use strain at Bakhmut and fortify the entrance towards a future Ukrainian counter-attack, its researchers stated in a report, although they stated Ukraine may nonetheless recapture territory as soon as the promised weapons arrive.

Zelenskiy met Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen on Monday in Mykolaiv, a uncommon go to by a international chief near the entrance. The metropolis, the place Russia’s advance within the south was halted, had been below relentless bombardment till Ukraine pushed the entrance line again in November.

Russia’s invasion, which it launched on Feb. 24 final yr claiming it was crucial to guard itself from its neighbour’s ties with the West, has killed tens of hundreds of individuals and pushed hundreds of thousands from their houses.

Additional reporting by Pavel Polityuk, Kevin Liffey, Ronald Popeski and Reuters bureaus; Writing by Peter Graff, Philippa Fletcher and Doina Chiacu; Editing by Gareth Jones, William Maclean and Cynthia Osterman

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

ISTANBUL, Dec 9 (Reuters) – Turkey emerged as a important stumbling block to a fancy worldwide plan to deprive Russia of wartime oil revenues because the variety of tankers ready to exit the Black Sea via Turkish straits continued to rise on Friday.

Ankara has declined to scrap a brand new insurance coverage inspection rule it carried out firstly of the month regardless of days of strain from Western officers pissed off by the coverage.

A complete of 28 oil tankers are in a queue searching for to go away the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, the Tribeca transport company mentioned on Friday.

G7 rich international locations, the European Union and Australia agreed to bar suppliers of transport companies, equivalent to insurers, from serving to export Russian oil except it’s bought at an enforced low value, or cap, geared toward depriving Moscow of wartime income.

Turkey’s maritime authority mentioned it will proceed to maintain out of its waters oil tankers that lacked applicable insurance coverage letters.

Western insurers mentioned they can’t present the paperwork required by Turkey as it could expose them to sanctions if it emerged that the oil cargoes they cowl had been bought at costs that exceed the cap.

The Turkish authority mentioned that within the occasion of an accident involving a vessel in breach of sanctions it was doable the harm wouldn’t be coated by a global oil-spill fund.

“(It) is out of the question for us to take the risk that the insurance company will not meet its indemnification responsibility,” it mentioned, including that Turkey was persevering with talks with different international locations and insurance coverage corporations.

It added the overwhelming majority of vessels ready close to the straits had been EU vessels, with a big a part of the oil destined for EU ports – an element irritating Ankara’s Western allies.

The ship backlog is creating rising unease in oil and tanker markets. Millions of barrels of oil per day transfer south from Russian ports via Turkey’s Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits into the Mediterranean.

KAZAKH OIL

Most of the tankers ready on the Bosphorus are carrying Kazakh oil and Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen mentioned on Thursday the U.S. administration noticed no purpose that such shipments needs to be subjected to Turkey’s new procedures.

Washington had no purpose to consider Russia was concerned in Turkey’s determination to dam ship transits, she added.

The European Commission mentioned on Friday the delays had been unrelated to the worth cap and Turkey might proceed to confirm insurance coverage insurance policies in “exactly the same way as before”.

“We are therefore in contact with the Turkish authorities to seek clarifications and are working to unblock the situation,” a spokesperson advised Reuters.

Turkey has balanced its good relations with each Russia and Ukraine since Moscow invaded its neighbour in February. It performed a key position in a United Nations-backed deal reached in July to release grain exports from Ukrainian Black Sea ports.

Relations between NATO allies Ankara and Washington have at occasions been rocky, nevertheless, as Turkey final month renewed requires the United States to cease backing Syrian Kurdish forces.

The Biden administration levied sanctions on Thursday on a distinguished Turkish businessman Sitki Ayan and his community of companies, accusing him of performing as a facilitator for oil gross sales and cash laundering on behalf of Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps.

Reporting by Daren Butler, Can Sezer, and Jonathan Saul in London; Writing by Noah Browning
Editing by Himani Sarkar, Clarence Fernandez, Jonathan Spicer and Frances Kerry

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

RIYADH, Dec 7 (Reuters) – Chinese President Xi Jinping started a visit to Saudi Arabia on Wednesday that Beijing mentioned marked its greatest diplomatic initiative within the Arab world, as Riyadh expands world alliances past a long-standing partnership with the West.

The assembly between the worldwide financial powerhouse and Gulf vitality large comes as Saudi ties with Washington are strained by U.S. criticism of Riyadh’s human rights report and Saudi assist for oil output curbs earlier than the November midterm elections.

The White House mentioned Xi’s visit was an instance of Chinese makes an attempt to exert affect, and that this could not change U.S. coverage in direction of the Middle East.

“We are mindful of the influence that China is trying to grow around the world,” White House National Security Council spokesperson John Kirby advised reporters.

China, the world’s greatest vitality client, is a serious commerce associate of Gulf oil and gasoline producers. Bilateral ties have expanded underneath the area’s financial diversification push, elevating U.S. issues about rising Chinese involvement in delicate infrastructure within the Gulf.

Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman on Wednesday mentioned that Riyadh would stay a “trusted and reliable” vitality associate for Beijing and that the 2 international locations would enhance cooperation in vitality provide chains by establishing a regional centre within the kingdom for Chinese factories.

Saudi Arabia is China’s prime oil provider and Xi’s visit takes place whereas uncertainty hangs over vitality markets after Western powers imposed a worth cap on gross sales of oil from Russia, which has been rising volumes to China with discounted oil.

On Wednesday Chinese and Saudi corporations signed 34 offers for funding in inexperienced vitality, info know-how, cloud companies, transport, building and different sectors, Saudi state information company SPA reported. It gave no worth for the offers, however had earlier mentioned the 2 international locations would seal agreements value $30 billion.

‘EPOCH-MAKING VISIT’

Xi was met on arrival by the governor of Riyadh, the dominion’s international minister and the governor of sovereign wealth fund PIF.

Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is anticipated to supply him a lavish welcome, in distinction with the low-key reception for U.S. President Joe Biden whose censure of Saudi Arabia’s de facto ruler shaped the backdrop for a strained assembly in July.

Xi will maintain bilateral talks with Saudi Arabia and Riyadh will later host a wider assembly with Gulf Arab states and a summit with Arab leaders which can be “an epoch-making milestone in the history of the development of China-Arab relations”, international ministry spokesperson Mao Ning mentioned.

The Chinese president mentioned he would work with the Gulf Cooperation Council and different Arab leaders “to advance Chinese-Arab relations and Chinese-GCC relations to a new level”, SPA reported.

For Riyadh, pissed off by what it sees as Washington’s gradual disengagement from the Middle East and a sluggish erosion of its safety ensures, China gives a chance for financial beneficial properties with out the tensions which have come to cloud the U.S. relationship.

“Beijing does not burden its partners with demands or political expectations and refrains from interfering in their internal affairs,” Saudi columnist Abdulrahman Al-Rashed wrote within the Saudi-owned Asharq Al-Awsat newspaper.

Unlike Washington, Beijing retains good ties with Riyadh’s regional rival Iran, one other provider of oil to China, and has proven little curiosity in addressing Saudi political or safety issues within the area.

Saudi Arabia, birthplace of Islam, had supported China’s insurance policies in Xinjiang, the place the U.N. says human rights abuses have been dedicated in opposition to Uyghurs and different Muslims.

Saudi officers have mentioned that regional safety can be on the agenda throughout Xi’s visit. The United States has for many years been Saudi Arabia’s predominant safety guarantor and stays its predominant defence provider, however Riyadh has chafed at restrictions on U.S. arms gross sales to the dominion.

Riyadh has mentioned it will proceed to develop partnerships to serve financial and safety pursuits, regardless of U.S. reservations about Gulf ties with each Russia and China.

Reporting by Eduardo Baptista in Beijing and Aziz El Yaakoubi in Riyadh; Additional reporting by Ghaida Ghantous and Maha El Dahan in Dubai and Steve Holland and Doina Chiacu in Washington; Writing by Dominic Evans and Ghaida Ghantous; Editing by Nick Macfie, Toby Chopra and Alistair Bell

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Dec 7 (Reuters) – A 3rd Russian airfield was set ablaze by a drone strike, a day after Ukraine demonstrated an obvious new ability to penetrate tons of of kilometres into Russia with assaults on two air bases.

Officials within the Russian metropolis of Kursk, about 90 km (60 miles) north of the Ukraine border, launched photos of black smoke above an airfield after the newest strike on Tuesday. The governor stated an oil storage tank had gone up in flames however there have been no casualties.

On Monday, Russia stated it had been hit tons of of kilometres from Ukraine by what it stated have been Soviet-era drones – at Engels air base, house to Russia’s strategic bomber fleet, and in Ryazan, just a few hours’ drive from Moscow.

Ukraine didn’t immediately declare accountability for the strikes however nonetheless celebrated them.

Late on Tuesday, sirens sounded on the territory of the airfield in Engels, Russian state-run information companies reported, citing Yevgeny Shpolsky, first deputy of the Engels district administration.

In Washington, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken repeated his nation’s dedication to present Ukraine with tools it wants to defend itself whereas saying it had neither inspired nor enabled the Ukrainians to strike inside Russia.

Russia’s defence ministry stated three service members have been killed within the assault at Ryazan. Although the assaults struck navy targets, it characterised them as terrorism and stated the goal was to disable its long-range plane.

Ukraine by no means publicly acknowledges accountability for assaults inside Russia. Asked in regards to the strikes, Defence Minister Oleskiy Reznikov repeated a longstanding joke blaming carelessness with cigarettes. “Very often Russians smoke in places where it’s forbidden to smoke,” he stated.

The harm to the warplanes additionally brought about grumbling amongst Russian navy bloggers, whose social media posts can present a window into the temper in Russia on the course of the battle.

‘LEVERAGE AND CONTROL’

At least 20 oil tankers queuing off Turkey face extra delays to cross from Russia’s Black Sea ports to the Mediterranean as operators race to adhere to new Turkish insurance coverage guidelines added forward of a G7 value cap on Russian oil, business sources stated.

The disruption in tanker visitors was not the results of the worth cap on Russian oil agreed by a coalition of G7 nations and Australia, an official with the group stated.

The value cap of $60 a barrel was imposed on Monday at a degree above the present value for Urals crude from Russia, the world’s second largest oil exporter.

G7 nations and Australia could be busy in coming weeks figuring out two extra value cap ranges on Russian refined oil merchandise slated to be in place by Feb. 5, a U.S. Treasury official informed Reuters.

“I think the point is that we have all the leverage and all the control now that we’ve been able to set the ceiling at $60,” the official stated. “Any adjustments will be in the interest of the G7 and will be in the interest of Ukraine, it will be in the interest of the world economy and will not be in the interest of Russia.”

ZELENSKIY WITH TROOPS

Meanwhile on the battlefields of jap, northeastern and southern Ukraine, Russian forces stored up their shelling of cities and villages, the Ukrainian navy stated late on Tuesday.

Six individuals have been killed as Donetsk got here beneath rocket and artillery hearth, the Russian-installed metropolis mayor, Alexander Kulemzin, reported in his Telegram channel.

“Look what they have done,” stated a resident named Irina, gesturing in direction of the house constructing the place her flat had been destroyed. “There are people living over there. People! Where do you fire? Go in the fields and fight each other over there, not here. How many people are dying already.”

Dmytro Zhyvytsky, the governor of Sumy area on the Russian border, stated a number of individuals have been wounded when Russian forces fired 226 shells on seven communities through the day.

War crimes investigators are wanting into the deaths of tons of of civilians because the starting of the close to 10-month battle. Russia denies focusing on civilians throughout what it calls a particular operation to rid Ukraine of harmful nationalists.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy visited troops shut to entrance traces in jap Ukraine on Tuesday.

Addressing servicemen later within the presidential palace in Kyiv, Zelenskiy stated he had spent the day with troops in Donbas, theatre of the heaviest battles, and in Kharkiv area, the place Ukrainians have retaken swaths of territory from Russian forces.

“Thousands of Ukrainians have given their lives so that the day might come when not a single occupying soldier will remain in our land and when all our people will be free,” Zelenskiy, clad in his trademark khaki inexperienced, informed the gathering.

Reporting by Reuters bureaux; Writing by Grant McCool; Editing by Cynthia Osterman

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

KYIV, Dec 5 (Reuters) – A Group of Seven (G7) price cap on Russian seaborne oil got here into power on Monday because the West tries to restrict Moscow’s capability to finance its battle in Ukraine, although Russia has mentioned it is not going to abide by the measure even when it has to lower manufacturing.

The G7 nations and Australia on Friday agreed a $60 per barrel price cap on Russian seaborne crude oil after European Union members overcame resistance from Poland which wished it even decrease. Russia is the world’s second-largest oil exporter.

Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak referred to as it a gross interference that contradicted the principles of free commerce and would additional destabilise the market.

“We will sell oil and petroleum products only to those countries that will work with us under market conditions, even if we have to reduce production a little,” Novak, the Russian authorities official in command of its oil, gasoline, atomic vitality and coal, mentioned on Sunday.

The G7 settlement permits Russian oil to be shipped to third-party international locations utilizing G7 and EU tankers, insurance coverage firms and credit score establishments, provided that the cargo is purchased at or under the $60 per barrel cap.

Industry gamers and a U.S. official mentioned in October that Russia can entry sufficient tankers to ship most of its oil past the attain of the cap, underscoring the boundaries of probably the most formidable plan but to curb Russia’s wartime income.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy mentioned $60 was too excessive to cease Russia waging battle in Ukraine. “You wouldn’t call it a serious decision to set such a limit for Russian prices, which is quite comfortable for the budget of a terrorist state.”

The United States and its allies have imposed sweeping sanctions on Russia and despatched billions of {dollars} in army help to Ukraine since Russia invaded on Feb. 24.

French President Emmanuel Macron, nonetheless, drew criticism from Ukraine and its Baltic allies on the weekend for suggesting the West ought to take into account Russia’s want for safety ensures if it agrees to talks to finish the battle.

Zelenskiy’s aide, Mykhailo Podolyak, mentioned the world wanted safety ensures from Russia, not the opposite manner round.

In an additional signal of Western unease at a standoff that has created vitality and refugee crises in Europe, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz on Monday warned in opposition to creating a brand new Cold War by dividing the world into blocs.

‘TRAGIC NIGHT’

Both sides reported casualties from assaults in a single day, on an industrial enterprise and one other location in southern Ukraine and on state-run lodging in Russian-held territory within the east.

Three dormitories of the Donbass State Institute within the japanese Luhansk area had been hit early on Monday by Ukrainian hearth, killing 9 individuals, the area’s Russian-installed governor and Russia’s state-run information company TASS mentioned.

Pro-Russian Governor Leonid Pasechnik mentioned the dormitories had been getting used to home refugees and building employees.

In Kryvyi Rih, among the many largest cities in southern Ukraine, Russian rockets killed one individual and wounded three simply after midnight, the governor of the Dnipropetrovsk area, Valentyn Reznichenko, mentioned.

“They aimed at an industrial enterprise,” Reznichenko mentioned on the Telegram messaging app with out giving particulars.

“It was a tragic night,” he mentioned, whereas the Head of Kryvyi Rih Military Administration Oleksandr Vilkul mentioned: “The destruction is very significant.”

In the southern Kherson area, the place Ukraine has compelled Russian forces to withdraw throughout the Dnipro River, governor Yaroslav Yanushevych mentioned Russian shelling had killed two individuals previously 24 hours.

Inside Russia, three individuals had been killed and 6 injured on Monday after a gasoline tanker exploded at a Russian airfield close to the town of Ryazan, southeast of Moscow, the RIA Novosti information company reported, with out giving a trigger.

Reuters couldn’t independently confirm the reviews.

Zelenskiy mentioned Ukrainian forces had been holding positions alongside the entrance line, together with close to Bakhmut within the east, seen as Russia’s subsequent goal of their advance by way of Donetsk area.

About 16 settlements, together with Bakhmut and close by Avdiivka, had been shelled by tanks, mortars, barrel and rocket artillery, the General Staff of Ukraine’s armed forces mentioned.

Russia’s defence ministry mentioned its troops had been conducting profitable operations round Bakhmut and had pushed again Ukrainian assaults in the direction of Donetsk metropolis, the place Russian-installed officers mentioned Ukraine fired a minimum of 10 Grad rockets. There was no phrase on casualties.

The head of U.S. intelligence mentioned on Saturday that preventing in Ukraine was operating at a “reduced tempo” as each side put together for deliberate army advances after the winter.

PLANNED BLACKOUTS

“To get through this winter, we must be even more resilient and even more united than ever,” Zelenskiy mentioned in an in a single day video tackle.

Russia has been pounding energy infrastructure since early October, leaving tens of millions with out heating and lightweight with temperatures now properly under zero.

Russia says the assaults don’t goal civilians and are meant to cut back Ukraine’s capability to combat. Ukraine says the assaults are a battle crime.

DTEK, Ukraine’s greatest non-public electrical energy producer, mentioned the nation was returning to scheduled energy outages from Monday reasonably than the emergency blackouts it has suffered since a widespread Russian assault on Nov. 23.

Residents expressed reduction.

“Power is dancing happily in the windows,” Yaroslava Antipina wrote on Twitter below {a photograph} of condo blocks in Kyiv with their lights on.

Reporting by Nick Starkov and Reuters bureaus; Writing by Himani Sarkar and Philippa Fletcher; Editing by Robert Birsel and Peter Graff

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

WASHINGTON/KHERSON, Ukraine, Dec 2 (Reuters) – The presidents of the United States and France mentioned they might hold Russia to account for its actions in Ukraine and the European Union reached tentative settlement on an oil value cap to squeeze Moscow’s export earnings.

Joe Biden additionally mentioned he can be prepared to communicate immediately to Russian President Vladimir Putin about ending the warfare however that there was no signal of that occuring. In March, a month into Russia’s invasion, Biden referred to as Putin a “butcher” over his actions and mentioned the Kremlin chief “cannot stay in power”.

Now, after greater than 9 months of combating and with winter tightening its grip, Western international locations are attempting to increase assist for Ukraine because it reels from missile and drone assaults which have left hundreds of thousands with out heating, electrical energy and water.

Russia accused the United States and NATO of taking part in a direct and harmful function within the warfare and mentioned Washington had turned Kyiv into an existential risk for Moscow which it couldn’t ignore.

Fighting continued to rage in japanese Ukraine, with the city of Bakhmut the principle goal of Moscow’s artillery assaults, whereas Russian forces within the southern Kherson and Zaporizhzhia areas had been on the defensive, Ukraine’s General Staff mentioned.

In a bid to scale back the cash accessible for Moscow’s warfare effort, the European Union tentatively agreed on Thursday on a $60 a barrel value cap on Russian seaborne oil, in accordance to diplomats. The measure would want to be permitted by all EU governments in a written process by Friday.

‘NEVER AGAIN’

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, in a video posted on Thursday night time, mentioned that Dec. 1 was the anniversary of a referendum 31 years in the past when Ukraine – then nonetheless a part of the Soviet Union – voted overwhelmingly in favour of independence.

“Our desire to live freely … will not be broken. Ukrainians will never again be a tiny stone in some empire,” Zelenskiy mentioned.

Biden and French President Emmanuel Macron mentioned in a joint assertion after Oval Office talks on Thursday that they had been dedicated to holding Russia to account “for widely documented atrocities and war crimes, committed both by its regular armed forces and by its proxies” in Ukraine.

Biden advised reporters he was ready to communicate with the Russian president “if in fact there is an interest in him deciding he’s looking for a way to end the war,” including that Putin “hasn’t done that yet”.

Macron mentioned he would proceed to discuss to Putin to “try to prevent escalation and to get some very concrete results” akin to the protection of nuclear crops.

The International Atomic Energy Agency hopes to attain an settlement with Russia and Ukraine to create a safety zone on the Zaporizhzhia nuclear energy plant by the top of the yr, the top of the U.N. atomic watchdog, Rafael Grossi, advised Italian newspaper La Repubblica in an interview.

Repeated shelling across the Russian-held plant has raised concern concerning the potential for a grave accident simply 500 km (300 miles) from the location of the world’s worst nuclear accident, the 1986 Chornobyl catastrophe.

There aren’t any political talks beneath manner to finish the warfare, which Russia started on Feb. 24 as a “special military operation” claiming its goal was to disarm its neighbour and root out leaders it characterises as harmful nationalists.

Ukraine and the West name it an imperialist land seize, which has killed tens of hundreds of Ukrainian civilians and troopers on either side.

Ukraine’s armed forces have misplaced someplace between 10,000 and 13,000 troopers up to now, presidential adviser Mykhailo Podolyak advised a Ukrainian tv community on Thursday.

“We will never urge the Ukrainians to make a compromise which will not be acceptable for them, because they are so brave,” Macron mentioned in Washington.

ATTACKS

Russia has not too long ago intensified a marketing campaign to knock out energy, water and warmth provides in Ukrainian cities. Ukraine and the West say the technique intentionally intends to hurt civilians, a warfare crime, one thing Moscow denies.

Kyiv Mayor Vitaliy Klitschko on Thursday advised residents to replenish on water, meals and heat garments within the occasion of a complete blackout.

The assaults on infrastructure are possible to enhance the associated fee to hold Ukraine’s economic system going subsequent yr by up to $1 billion a month, and assist to the nation would want to be “front-loaded”, IMF head Kristalina Georgieva advised the Reuters NEXT convention on Thursday.

In the early hours of Friday, Russian forces shelled a constructing within the Ukrainian-held metropolis of Zaporizhzhia, setting it ablaze, metropolis official Anatoly Krutyev mentioned.

Russian forces, having deserted the strategic southern metropolis of Kherson in November, are attempting to set up defensive positions and are shelling a number of cities to the north, Ukraine’s General Staff mentioned in an announcement in a single day.

Reuters couldn’t independently verify battlefield reviews.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, talking throughout an annual information convention in Moscow, mentioned NATO and the United States had been taking part immediately within the battle by sending deadly weapons into Ukraine “to kill Russians”.

Lavrov additionally mentioned current missile strikes focusing on Ukraine’s civil infrastructure had been aimed toward stopping Kyiv from importing Western arms. He didn’t clarify how such assaults might obtain that goal.

Germany plans to ship seven Gepard tanks to Ukraine subsequent spring, including to 30 already getting used to battle in opposition to Russian forces, Spiegel journal reported on Friday.

In an indication that some channels of communication stay open, Russia’s Defence Ministry and the top of Ukraine’s presidential administration mentioned the 2 international locations swapped 50 service personnel on Thursday.

Reporting by Reuters bureaux; writing by Stephen Coates and Gareth Jones; modifying by Simon Cameron-Moore and Nick Macfie

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

KYIV, Nov 22 (Reuters) – President Volodymyr Zelenskiy appealed to Ukrainians to preserve vitality amid relentless Russian strikes which have halved the nation’s power capacity, as the United Nations well being physique warned of a humanitarian catastrophe in Ukraine this winter.

Authorities stated thousands and thousands of Ukrainians, together with within the capital Kyiv, may face power cuts not less than till the top of March because of the missile assaults, which Ukraine’s nationwide grid operator Ukrenergo stated had wreaked “colossal” injury.

Temperatures have been unseasonably gentle in Ukraine this autumn, however are beginning to dip under zero and are anticipated to drop to -20 Celsius (-4 Fahrenheit) and even decrease in some areas through the winter months.

Russia’s focusing on of Ukrainian vitality amenities follows a sequence of battlefield setbacks which have included a pullout of Russian forces from the southern metropolis of Kherson to the east financial institution of the mighty Dnipro River that bisects the nation.

“The systematic damage to our energy system from strikes by the Russian terrorists is so considerable that all our people and businesses should be mindful and redistribute their consumption throughout the day,” Zelenskiy stated in his nightly video deal with.

Ukrenergo’s chief Volodymyr Kudrytskyi stated on Tuesday that virtually no thermal or hydroelectric stations had been left unscathed, although he dismissed the necessity to evacuate civilians.

“We cannot generate as much energy as consumers can use,” Kudrytskyi instructed a briefing, including that after a short chilly snap on Wednesday temperatures had been anticipated to rise once more, offering a possibility to stabilise the power producing system.

‘DARKEST DAYS’

The World Health Organization (WHO) stated tons of of Ukrainian hospitals and healthcare amenities lacked gasoline, water and electrical energy to fulfill individuals’s primary wants.

“Ukraine’s health system is facing its darkest days in the war so far. Having endured more than 700 attacks, it is now also a victim of the energy crisis,” Hans Kluge, WHO’s regional director for Europe, stated in an announcement after visiting Ukraine.

Workers are racing to restore broken power infrastructure, in line with Sergey Kovalenko, the pinnacle of YASNO, which supplies vitality for Kyiv.

“Stock up on warm clothes, blankets, think about options that will help you get through a long outage,” Kovalenko stated. “It’s better to do it now than to be miserable.”

In a Telegram message for Kherson residents – particularly the aged, ladies with kids and people who are ailing or disabled – Deputy Prime Minister Iryna Vereshchuk posted various methods residents can specific curiosity in leaving.

“You can be evacuated for the winter period to safer regions of the country,” she wrote.

Russia’s strikes on vitality infrastructure are a consequence of Kyiv being unwilling to barter, the state information company TASS quoted Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov as saying final week.

Ukrainian presidential adviser Mykhailo Podolyak stated Russia was bombarding Kherson from throughout the Dnipro River now that its troops had fled. “There is no military logic: they just want to take revenge on the locals,” he tweeted late on Monday.

Ukraine’s Suspilne information company reported contemporary explosions in Kherson metropolis on Tuesday.

Moscow denies deliberately focusing on civilians in what it calls a “special military operation” to rid Ukraine of nationalists and defend Russian-speaking communities.

Kyiv and the West describe Russia’s actions as an unprovoked, imperialist land seize within the neighbouring state it as soon as dominated inside the former Soviet Union.

The nine-month warfare has killed tens of hundreds of individuals, uprooted thousands and thousands and pummelled the worldwide economic system, driving up meals and vitality costs. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) stated on Tuesday the world’s worst vitality disaster because the Seventies would set off a pointy slowdown, with Europe hit hardest.

Meanwhile Ukraine on Tuesday acquired a brand new 2.5 billion euro ($2.57 billion) tranche of economic help from the European Union, Finance Minister Serhiy Marchenko stated.

RAID ON MONASTERY

Ukraine’s SBU safety service and police raided a 1,000-year-old Orthodox Christian monastery in Kyiv early on Tuesday as a part of operations to counter suspected “subversive activities by Russian special services”, the SBU stated.

The sprawling Kyiv Pechersk Lavra complicated – or Monastery of the Caves – is a Ukrainian cultural treasure and the headquarters of the Russian-backed wing of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church that falls underneath the Moscow Patriarchate.

Russia’s Orthodox Church condemned the raid as an “act of intimidation”.

Battles continued to rage within the east, the place Russia has despatched among the forces it shifted from round Kherson within the south, urgent an offensive of its personal alongside a stretch of frontline west of town of Donetsk held by its proxies since 2014.

“The enemy does not stop shelling the positions of our troops and settlements near the contact line (in the Donetsk region),” Ukraine’s armed forces General Staff stated on Tuesday.

“Attacks continue to damage critical infrastructure and civilian homes.”

Four individuals had been killed and 4 others wounded in Ukraine-controlled areas of the Donetsk area over the previous 24 hours, regional governor Pavlo Kyryleno stated on the Telegram messaging app.

Russian shelling additionally hit a humanitarian help distribution centre within the city of Orihiv in southeastern Ukraine on Tuesday, killing a volunteer and wounding two ladies, the regional governor stated.

Orihiv is about 110 km (70 miles) east of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power station which has been shelled once more up to now few days, with Russia and Ukraine buying and selling blame for the blasts.

Experts of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) toured the location on Monday. The company, which has repeatedly referred to as for an instantaneous cessation of hostilities within the space to keep away from a significant catastrophe, stated the specialists discovered widespread injury however nothing that compromised the plant’s important techniques.

The Kremlin stated on Tuesday that no substantive progress had been made in the direction of making a safety zone across the nuclear reactor complicated, Europe’s largest.

Reporting by Oleksandr Kozhukhar and Maria Starkova in Kyiv, Lidia Kelly in Melbourne and Ronald Popeski in Winnipeg; Writing by Shri Navaratnam and Gareth Jones; Editing by Lincoln Feast, Alex Richardson and Mark Heinrich

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

KYIV/MYKOLAIV, Ukraine, Nov 2 (Reuters) – The world should reply firmly to any Russian makes an attempt to disrupt Ukraine’s grain export corridor, President Volodymyr Zelenskiy mentioned, as extra ships had been loading regardless of Moscow suspending its participation in a U.N.-brokered deal.

One of the worldwide penalties of Russia’s struggle on its neighbour has been meals shortages and a price of residing disaster in lots of international locations, and a deal brokered by the United Nations and Turkey on July 22 had offered protected passage for vessels carrying grain and different fertiliser exports.

Russia withdrew from the accord over the weekend, saying it couldn’t assure security for civilian ships as a result of of an assault on its Black Sea fleet.

In a late Tuesday night time video deal with, Zelenskiy mentioned ships had been nonetheless shifting out of Ukrainian ports with cargoes due to the work of Turkey and the United Nations.

“But a reliable and long-term defence is needed for the grain corridor,” Zelenskiy mentioned.

“Russia must clearly be made aware that it will receive a tough response from the world to any steps to disrupt our food exports,” Zelenskiy mentioned. “At issue here clearly are the lives of tens of millions of people.”

The grains deal aimed to assist avert famine in poorer international locations by injecting extra wheat, sunflower oil and fertilizer into world markets and to ease a dramatic rise in costs. It focused the pre-war stage of 5 million metric tonnes exported from Ukraine every month.

The U.N. coordinator for grain and fertiliser exports beneath the accord mentioned on Twitter on Tuesday that he expects loaded ships to depart Ukrainian ports on Thursday. Ukrainian Infrastructure Minister Oleksandr Kubrakov mentioned on Twitter that eight vessels had been anticipated to move by the corridor on Thursday.

Having spoken to his Russian counterpart twice in as many days, Turkish Defence Minister Hulusi Akar hoped the deal would proceed, including that he anticipated a response from Russia “today and tomorrow”.

POWER CUTS

Russia fired missiles at Ukrainian cities together with the capital Kyiv in what President Vladimir Putin known as retaliation for an assault on Russia’s Black Sea Fleet over the weekend. Ukraine mentioned it shot most of these missiles down, however some had hit energy stations, knocking out electrical energy and water provides.

Nine areas had been experiencing energy cuts.

“We will do everything we can to provide power and heat for the coming winter,” Zelenskiy mentioned. “But we must understand that Russia will do everything it can to destroy normal life.”

Authorities in Kyiv had been getting ready greater than 1,000 heating factors all through the town in case its district heating system is disabled, Mayor Vitali Klitschko mentioned.

The United States denounced the assaults, saying about 100 missiles had been fired on Monday and Tuesday concentrating on water and power provides.

“With temperatures dropping, these Russian attacks aimed at exacerbating human suffering are particularly heinous,” State Department spokesperson Ned Price instructed reporters at a each day briefing. Russia denies concentrating on civilians.

KHERSON EVACUATIONS

Russia instructed civilians on Tuesday to depart an space alongside the japanese financial institution of the Dnipro River within the Ukrainian province of Kherson, a serious extension of an evacuation order that Kyiv says quantities to the compelled depopulation of occupied territory.

Russia had beforehand ordered civilians out of a pocket it controls on the west financial institution of the river, the place Ukrainian forces have been advancing for weeks with the intention of capturing the town of Kherson, the primary metropolis that Russian forces took management over after invading Ukraine on Feb. 24.

Russian-installed officers mentioned on Tuesday they had been extending that order to a 15-km (9-mile) buffer zone alongside the east financial institution too. Ukraine says the evacuations embrace compelled deportations from occupied territory, a struggle crime.

The mouth of the Dnipro has turn into one of essentially the most consequential frontlines within the struggle.

Seven cities on the east financial institution can be evacuated, comprising the principle populated settlements alongside that stretch of the river, Vladimir Saldo, Russian-installed head of occupied Kherson province, mentioned in a video message.

Russian-installed authorities within the Kherson area additionally mentioned an compulsory evacuation of Kakhovka district, near the Nova Kakhovka hydroelectric station, was to start on Nov. 6.

Moscow has accused Kyiv of planning to make use of a so-called “dirty bomb” to unfold radiation, or to explode a dam to flood cities and villages in Kherson province. Kyiv says accusations it will use such ways by itself territory are absurd, however that Russia may be planning such actions itself guilty Ukraine.

In the town of Bakhmut, a goal of Russia’s armed forces of their sluggish advance by the japanese Donetsk area, some residents had been refusing to depart as preventing intensified.

“Only the strongest stayed,” mentioned Lyubov Kovalenko, a 65-year-old retiree. “Let’s put it this way, the poor ones. Everyone is wearing whatever clothing we have left.”

Rodion Miroshnik, “ambassador” of the neighbouring Russian-occupied area of Luhansk, mentioned Russian troops and their allies had repelled Ukrainian assaults on the cities of Kreminna and Bilohorivka.

Moscow describes its actions in Ukraine as a “special military operations to demilitarise and “denazify” its neighbour. Ukraine and Western nations have dismissed this as a baseless pretext for invasion.

Reporting by Reuters bureaux; Writing by Grant McCool and Lincoln Feast; Editing by Simon Cameron-Moore

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

WARSAW, Oct 12 (Reuters) – Germany stated on Wednesday it was receiving much less oil however nonetheless had ample provides, after Poland discovered a leak within the Druzhba pipeline that delivers crude from Russia to Europe that Warsaw stated was most likely attributable to an accident moderately than sabotage.

The discovery of the leak in the primary route carrying oil to Germany, which operator PERN stated it discovered on Tuesday night, comes as Europe is on excessive alert over its power safety because it faces a extreme disaster within the aftermath of Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine which has minimize provides of gasoline.

“Security of supply in Germany is currently guaranteed,” an economic system ministry spokesperson stated in an emailed assertion. “The refineries in Schwedt and Leuna continue to receive crude oil via the Druzhba pipeline.”

The Schwedt refinery, which provides 90% of Berlin’s gasoline, stated in an emailed assertion that deliveries have been going down at decreased capability.

Germany stated it hoped for extra info quickly from Poland about the reason for the leak and the way it may be repaired.

Europe has been on excessive alert over the safety of its power infrastructure since main leaks have been discovered final month within the Nord Stream 1 and a pair of gasoline pipelines working from Russia to Europe underneath the Baltic Sea. Both the West and Russia have blamed sabotage.

However, Poland’s high official answerable for power infrastructure, Mateusz Berger, informed Reuters by phone that the leak within the Druzhba pipeline was probably attributable to “accidental damage”.

“We are living in turbulent times, different connotations are possible, but at this stage we have no grounds at all to believe that,” he stated, when requested about the opportunity of sabotage.

Berger stated the leak was situated 70 km (44 miles) west from Plock, the place Poland’s largest refinery owned by PKN Orlen is situated. As a consequence, a part of the delivery capability in the direction of Germany was not out there, he stated, including that repairs would possible “not take long”.

PERN stated provides to Germany have been decreased however persevering with.

GERMAN, POLAND REFINERY SUPPLIES

The Druzhba oil pipeline, whose title means “friendship” in Russian, is among the world’s largest, supplying Russian oil to a lot of central Europe together with Germany, Poland, Belarus, Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Austria.

Russia’s Transneft state-owned pipeline monopoly stated that oil continues to be pumped in the direction of Poland.

Poland’s PKN Orlen (PKN.WA) stated that oil provides to its Plock refinery weren’t interrupted whereas Czech pipeline operator MERO stated it had not seen any change in flows to the Czech Republic.

“The main action (we are taking) is to pump out the liquid and locate the leak and stop it,” hearth brigade spokesman Karol Kierzkowski informed state broadcaster TVP Info.

“When the pressure decreases, the leak will stop and allow us to reach the leak,” he stated, including that it was too early to set up the trigger and there was no hazard to the general public.

Firefighters within the mid-northern Kujawsko-Pomorskie area of Poland stated that they had pumped about 400 cubic metres of oil and water from the positioning of the leak which was in the course of a corn area.

The second line of the pipeline, and different parts of PERN’s infrastructure, have been working as regular, PERN stated.

“At this point, all PERN services (technical, operational, in-house fire brigade and environmental protection) are taking action in accordance with the algorithms provided for this type of situation,” the operator stated.

The complete capability of the western part of the pipeline that ships oil from central Poland to Germany is 27 million tonnes of crude oil per yr.

Germany’s Schwedt refinery is especially depending on Druzhba.

The German authorities goals to remove imports of oil from Russia by the top of the yr underneath European Union sanctions. But within the first seven months of the yr, Russia was nonetheless its high provider, accounting for simply over 30% of oil imports.

As Germany seems to be for different provides for Schwedt, Druzhba may very well be instrumental in supplying oil by way of the Polish port in Gdansk.

The German authorities has additionally been in talks to safe oil from Kazakhstan to provide Schwedt, however that oil would have to circulate to Germany by way of the Druzhba pipeline too.

Reporting by Reuters bureaus writing by Alan Charlish and Marek Strzelecki; Editing by Jan Harvey and Elaine Hardcastle

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.